Assessment of volitional cough and assessment of secretion management.Observation of patient’s level of alertness.Medical history review for etiological risk categories (Mari et al., 1997).Questionnaires or interviews with the patient and/or caregiver to ask whether they are aware of any past or current swallowing difficulties (Mari et al., 1997).Screening procedures may include the following: Screening procedures are usually used to determine the possible presence of dysphagia and the need for further investigation. There is no preferred dysphagia screening procedure. Several tools have demonstrated reasonable sensitivity, but reproducibility and consistency of these protocols have not been established (O’Horo et al., 2015). It is important to note that, currently, no bedside screening protocol has been shown to provide adequate predictive value for presence of aspiration. Swallowing screening procedures indicate the presence of clinical signs and symptoms that may be indicators of dysphagia, with a focus on identifying overt signs of aspiration. whether the patient requires referral for nutritional or hydrational support.whether the patient requires referral for further swallowing assessment, and.Swallowing screening is a minimally invasive procedure that enable quick determination of
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